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Numerical Analysis and Comparison of Frictional Head Loss in Water Transmission Networks Using the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams Equations
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Mohammad Salehi *1   , Mohsen Ehsani2 , Vahid Javdan3 |
1- Department of engineering, research and technology, South Kaveh Steel Co , m.salehi@sksco.ir
2- Department of engineering, research and technology, Saba Steel Co
3- Department of engineering, research and technology, South Kaveh Steel Co |
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Abstract: (109 Views) |
Today, the depletion of groundwater resources has posed a critical challenge to industrial and human life. The desalination industry, which converts seawater into freshwater (with appropriate TDS levels), has emerged as a key solution and has experienced significant growth. However, designing efficient piping systems remains a major challenge due to long-distance pipelines, elevation changes, and environmental obstacles, all of which contribute to fluid head loss. In this study, frictional head loss was analyzed using two methods: the Darcy-Weisbach equation (dependent on the Reynolds number) and the Hazen-Williams equation (empirical). The results were compared, revealing that the Hazen-Williams equation has limitations in fully turbulent flows. Additionally, the effects of parameters such as pipe diameter, pipeline length, internal coating, and flow rate on head loss were investigated through numerical analysis. The findings indicate that increasing pipe diameter and reducing surface roughness significantly reduce head loss, while variations in flow rate and topography necessitate flexible design approaches. This study optimizes the piping design process for diverse operational conditions (such as flow rate fluctuations and elevation changes) by proposing a comprehensive model, offering solutions to reduce implementation costs and enhance the efficiency of transmission networks. The practical application of this research ensures improved stability of desalination systems and sustainable water resource management. |
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| Keywords: Hazen Williams, Darcy Weisbach, friction head, seawater transfer line, Moody diagram |
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Full-Text [PDF 1097 kb]
(36 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/03/28 | Accepted: 2025/07/1 | Published: 2025/07/1
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