Due to the increasing global demand for energy and growing environmental concerns, the use of renewable resources like biomass has become highly important. Sugarcane bagasse, as an agricultural byproduct, is a valuable source for sustainable energy production. This article reviews the main approaches for energy recovery from bagasse. Thermochemical methods, including pyrolysis, gasification, direct combustion, and hydrothermal liquefaction, have been evaluated. Additionally, biochemical processes like fermentation for bioethanol production and the physical-thermochemical method of briquetting have been examined. The results indicate that each method has its own specific advantages and limitations. Hydrothermal liquefaction converts bagasse into high-quality bio-oil, while briquetting increases its density and calorific value. Direct combustion is the most common method but faces challenges such as high moisture content, which can be mitigated through co-combustion. Furthermore, gasification and fermentation are efficient methods for producing gaseous and liquid fuels. This review emphasizes that sugarcane bagasse has significant potential for energy recovery, and selecting the optimal process can substantially help reduce reliance on fossil fuels and improve waste management.